Includes bibliographical references and index

Chapter 1 The Global Setting of American Foreign Policy 1 -- Why the International System Matters 1 -- The International System: Structural Constraints 2 -- Decentralization 2 -- Self-Help System 3 -- A Stratified System 3 -- The International System: Cold War Trends 4 -- Diffusion of Power 4 -- Issue Proliferation 5 -- Actor Proliferation 7 -- Regional Diversity 8 -- The Contemporary International System: Dominant Features 9 -- Globalization 10 -- American Hegemony 11 -- America and the World: Attitudes and Perceptions 14 -- Chapter 2 The Foreign Policy Agenda: Past, Present, and Future 19 -- Foreign Policy Problems 19 -- What Do Americans Want in Foreign Policy? 20 -- Thinking About Foreign Policy Problems 21 -- The National Interest 23 -- Grand Strategy 25 -- Presidential Foreign Policy Doctrines 28 -- The Truman Doctrine 28 -- The Nixon Doctrine 29 -- The Carter Doctrine 30 -- The Reagan Doctrine 32 -- The Bush Doctrine 34 -- Foreign Policy Doctrines Evaluated 35 -- Terrorism as a Foreign Policy Problem 39 -- Terrorism 41 -- Combatting Terrorism 44 -- Strategy 48 -- Chapter 3 The American National Style 56 -- Isolationism versus Internationalism 58 -- Sources of the American National Style 60 -- Unilateralism 62 -- Moral Pragmatism 64 -- Legalism 67 -- Consequences of the American National Style 68 -- A Revival of Wilsonianism? 71 -- Other Voices from the Past 73 -- Chapter 4 Learning from the Past 77 -- How Do Policy Makers Learn from the Past? 77 -- Events Policy Makers Learn from 79 -- Types of Calculations Made about Those Events 81 -- Learning from the Past: Case Studies 83 -- The Cold War 83 -- The Vietnam War 92 -- The Iraq War 100 -- Chapter 5 The Domestic Context of American Foreign Policy 114 -- The Media and American Foreign Policy 115 -- The New Media and American Foreign Policy 118 -- The Media, Public Opinion, and War 120 -- Public Opinion 123 -- Trends and Content 124 -- Public Opinion and the Use of Force 126 -- Impact 129 -- Elections 130 -- Voter Knowledge and Issue Voting 131 -- Party and Candidate Differences 132 -- Impact 133 -- Interest Groups 134 -- Types of Interest Groups 135 -- Impact 144 -- Political Protest 146 -- Policy-Maker Response 147 -- An Example: The Public Use of Intelligence and the Iraq War 148 -- Chapter 6 The Constitution and Foreign Affairs 156 -- Treaty-Making Powers 157 -- Senatorial Advice and Consent 157 -- Executive Agreements 161 -- The Role of the House in the Panama Canal Treaties 163 -- Appointment Powers 164 -- War Powers 167 -- War Powers Resolution 168 -- Civil Liberties 170 -- Commerce Powers 173 -- Federalism and the States 176 -- Chapter 7 The Presidency 184 -- When Does the President Matter? 186 -- Presidential Personality 187 -- Presidential Managerial Style 190 -- Presidential Bureaucracy 192 -- The National Security Council 192 -- The War Czar 196 -- Other White House Voices 196 -- The Vice President 196 -- The White House Chief of Staff 197 -- Presidential Decision Making 199 -- Presidential Transitions 199 -- Chapter 8 Congress and Foreign Policy 205 -- Congressional Structure and Foreign Policy 205 -- Blunt Foreign Policy Tools 205 -- Decentralization 216 -- Policy Entrepreneurship 217 -- Staff Aides 219 -- The Influence of Party and Region 219 -- Outsourcing Foreign Policy 220 -- Congress and the President 224 -- Constants 224 -- The Changing Relationship 225 -- Chapter 9 The Foreign Affairs Bureaucracy 230 -- The State Department 231 -- Structure and Growth 231 -- The State Department's Value System 233 -- Impact on Foreign Policy 238 -- The Defense Department 239 -- Structure and Growth 239 -- The Defense Department's Value System 241 -- Impact on Foreign Policy 246 -- CIA and the Intelligence Community 247 -- Structure and Growth 247 -- The Intelligence Community's Value System 252 -- Impact on Foreign Policy 255 -- The Domestic Bureaucracies 256 -- Treasury, Commerce, and Agriculture 256 -- Homeland Security 257 -- Policy Makers' Response 259 -- Chapter 10 Models of Policy Making: Overview 265 -- The Rational Actor Model 266 -- The Bureaucratic Politics Model 267 -- The Small-Group Decision-Making Model 269 -- Elite Theory and Pluralism 273 -- Summary: Integrating Models and Additional Possibilities 276 -- Chapter 11 Decision Making: Case Studies 281 -- The Cuban Missile Crisis 281 -- The Crisis: An Overview 281 -- Three Views of the Cuban Missile Crisis 284 -- Pre-9/11 Intelligence Policy on Terrorism 287 -- The Intelligence Cycle 287 -- Intelligence on Terrorism Before 9/11 288 -- Three Views of an Intelligence Failure 293 -- Negotiating the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) 295 -- The Bargaining Phase 295 -- The Ratification Phase 298 -- Chapter 12 Diplomacy 303 -- Selecting a Policy Instrument 303 -- Bilateral Diplomacy 305 -- Incentives Versus Sanctions 307 -- Bilateralism Versus Multilateralism 307 -- Summit Diplomacy 308 -- East-West Superpower Summits 309 -- Economic Summits 310 -- Conference Diplomacy 311 -- GATT and WTO 311 -- Environmental Conferences 315 -- UN Diplomacy 317 -- Public Diplomacy 318 -- The Political Use of Force 320 -- Post-Cold War Coercive Diplomacy 320 -- Nuclear Diplomacy 321 -- Arms Transfers 322 -- Chapter 13 Covert Action 330 -- Techniques of Covert Action 331 -- Post-Cold War Covert Action 339 -- The Covert War Against Osama bin Laden 339 -- Renditions 340 -- Controlling Covert Action 341 -- Era of Trust 342 -- Era of Skepticism 344 -- Era of Uneasy Partnership 346 -- Congress as Impatient Overseer 348 -- Chapter 14 Economic Instruments 354 -- Strategic Outlooks 355 -- Trade Strategies 355 -- Monetary Strategies 360 -- Economic Sanctions 361 -- Inventory of Options 363 -- Rules of Economic Conflict 367 -- Smart Sanctions 368 -- Foreign Aid 369 -- Types of Foreign Aid 371 -- Cold War Foreign Aid 373 -- Post-Cold War Foreign Aid 374 -- Post-9/11 Foreign Aid 375 -- Chapter 15 Military Power 381 -- Development of U.S. and Soviet Nuclear Arsenals 382 -- What Does It All Mean? 384 -- A Historical Survey of U.S. Nuclear Strategy 387 -- Post-Cold War Nuclear Strategy 391 -- The U.S. Strategic Nuclear Arsenal 391 -- U.S. Nuclear Strategy 392 -- Bridging the Nuclear-Conventional Divide 394 -- Deterrence 394 -- Preemption 396 -- Asymmetric Conflicts 397 -- Strategies for the Use of Conventional Military Force 397 -- War Fighting 399 -- Humanitarian/Peacekeeping Operations 401 -- Terrorism/Counterinsurgency Conflicts 403 -- Chapter 16 Arms Control and Missile Defense 408 -- Judging Success and Failure 408 -- Superpower Arms Control and Disarmament 409 -- 1946 to 1957 410 -- 1958 to 1972 411 -- 1973 to 1988 412 -- 1989 to 2001 414 -- 2001 to Present 416 -- Defense 418 -- The Strategic Defense Initiative 418 -- Missile Defense Systems 419 -- Counterproliferation 421 -- The Post-Cold War Agenda 422 -- Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction 422 -- Proliferation of Conventional Weapons 424 -- Combining Approaches 425 -- Chapter 17 Alternative Futures 430 -- Choices 430 -- Alternative Futures 432 -- The United States as an Ordinary State 432 -- Reformed America 433 -- The United States as a Global Manager 435 -- Pragmatic America 436 -- Neocontainment 438 -- Triumphant America 439 -- American Crusader 440 -- America the Balancer 442 -- Disengaged America 443